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The fuel efficiency and clean environment is always interlinked but with the passage of time it got more importance and researchers finding different avenues. An avenue is also proposed for this objective that is hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H2ICEs) to function as efficient and clean power plants for vehicles, which is now deep-rooted. Considering the carbon emission specifically, the H2ICEs generates almost zero emissions and more efficient as compare to conventional gasoline-fueled ICEs. The operating ability of H2ICEs near-zero engine-out emissions is mainly owed to the combined effect of two features that are unique to hydrogen. Firstly, primarily, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the only unattractive engine out emissions, designed
The capacity of H2ICEs clean ignition and operating efficiently is due to the distinctive combustion features of hydrogen that tolerate ultra-lean combustion with radically curb NOx production and efficient low-engine load operation. Conversely, the same feature of combustion invites technical challenges at high engine-loads due to an increased tendency to pre-ignite the hydrogen–air assortment and increased NOx production.
The benefit and technical challenge of H2ICE operation at low and high engine-load will be elaborated, by examining hydrogen properties related to engine function and control. The properties of hydrogen, typical gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) are tabulated in Table 1. This will give bird-eye view comparison with existing fuels.